中国创新政策的演进——基于扎根理论

将中国创新政策的发展历程分为3个阶段,即1978—1994年、1995—2005年和2006年以后。运用扎根理论分析了各阶段的创新政策,研究了中国创新政策的演进。结果显示:中国创新政策的范式并未发生根本变化;人才和环境营造一直是中国创新政策的重点;科技成果转化政策的加强使得科技与经济社会的联系越来越紧密;政府在创新中的作用发生了根本性变化。     

中国企业研发效率动态演进的背后：市场化改革的力量

本文基于1999—2011年中国省际高新技术产业层面的研发数据,综合运用生产要素产出弹性模型和格林（2005）提出的真正固定效应随机前沿模型,实证检验了市场化改革对企业研发效率动态演进的实际影响效应,并进一步探析国有经济和行业保护政策在市场化改革塑造企业研发效率的过程中所扮演的角色。基于产业维度的核算结果表明,研究期间中国高新技术企业整体研发效率大约偏离最优效率37％～44％,但其在市场化进程中表现出稳步提升的动态演进趋势,研发中间产出效率和最终产出效率分别从1999年的0．403和0．523（0．490）提高到2011年的0．713和0．766（0．755）。更为重要的是,经验证据表明市场化改革确实是推动中国高新技术企业研发效率持续动态增进的背后驱动力量;但国有经济和行业保护政策显著抑制了市场力量对企业研发效率塑造能力的充分发挥,具体表现为市场化改革在国有经济和保护性行业中不仅无法起到提升研发效率的作用,反而还可能具有损害企业研发效率的负面影响。     

Services,industry evolution,and the competitive strategies of product firms

Services of different types have become increasingly important for product firms. While these firms mainly focus on products, managers and researchers lack a comprehensive framework to understand when to make significant investments in particular kinds of services. We identify three categories of product‐related services from a product firm—smoothing and adapting services, which complement products, and substitution services, which enable customers to pay for the use of a product without buying the product itself. We develop propositions about the relative level of these different kinds of services vis‐a‐vis industry evolution, as well as suggest how these services affect industry structure. We draw upon various literatures, though we conclude that the relationship between products and services is more complex and richer than any one literature suggests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

制度、人力资本与乡村劳动力迁移

本文构建制度框架下政府与乡村迁移者博弈模型说明政府政策选择机制形成与迁移者决策过程。在不同经济发展阶段,经济发展目标决定迁移者迁移策略,城市发展能否从迁移中获得利益决定政府对迁移的管制程度,农业发展能否为迁移提供支持决定迁移者的迁移决策。迁移者的人力资本水平是影响政府策略与迁移者策略选择的关键因素。改善乡村劳动力人力资本积累条件有助于加速迁移进程,减少城市劳动力市场对迁移者的歧视,提高城市化质量。     

政府参与农民合作经济组织发展的职能演变

农民合作经济组织与政府之间的关系对合作组织的发展有着至关重要的影响。政府参与是我国农民合作经济组织发展的必要条件,政府应依照农民合作经济组织发展的初期、成长期、成熟期三个阶段的特性来对自己的职能进行动态定位,以哺育、扶持、守夜人身份执行政府职能。     

Efficiency evaluation of China's high-tech industry with a multi-activity network data envelopment analysis approach

This paper employs a Russell multi-activity network DEA model and divides the overall innovation process into the upstream Research and Development (R&D) process and the downstream commercialization process to appraise the innovation performance of China's high-tech industries from 2009 to 2013. This model can deal with the problems of intermediates, shared inputs and slack-based measure in a unified framework, and the result can provide policy makers with process-specific information on how to improve the innovation performance of China's high-tech industries. The main findings are presented as follows. First, the overall efficiency of China's high-tech industries still remains at a low level, which has its roots mainly in commercialization inefficiencies other than R&D inefficiencies. Second, for most provinces, their R&D efficiencies do not match up with their commercialization efficiencies. Finally, the innovative activities of China's high-tech industries should be driven by the market demand -oriented for the improvement of innovation efficiency.     

长三角港口腹地动态演变及耦合协调度研究

明确港口腹地演变趋势、分析港腹耦合协调度,对长三角地区港腹联动发展具有重要意义。量化港口系统—腹地系统综合指标评价体系,运用高斯烟羽模型在2006、2011、2016年3个时间节点上测算长三角地区主要港口影响强度,并对腹地范围进行划分,利用耦合协调模型定量分析港口系统和直接腹地经济系统耦合协调度。研究结果表明:长三角地区港口呈现"一超多强"的格局,以上海港为中心,各港口多极发展;港口腹地范围整体稳定,局部波动,上海港的边缘腹地不断缩减;港口与腹地的耦合协调度处于上升态势,宁波—舟山港腹耦合协调度最高。     

Welfare effects of vegetable commercialization: Evidence from smallholder producers in Kenya

We investigate whether smallholder horticultural commercialization is able to, as often stipulated, reduce poverty in developing countries with the help of panel household survey data from Kenya. We find evidence for a positive association between vegetable commercialization and household welfare, even when controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across households. Interestingly, the effect differs depending on which market vegetables are being produced for: commercialization through the export market is consistently positively associated with income but not wealth, while there is some limited evidence for commercialization through the domestic market channel being positively related to welfare measured by asset holdings and income, depending on the specification.     

Innovation in start-ups: Ideas filling the void or ideas devoid of resources and capabilities?

We investigate how access to different types of resources affects the success of entrepreneurial start-up firms at early stages of development in small isolated economies by studying 12 start-ups based in New Zealand. We find that successful commercialization of innovations depends on the availability of complementary assets, and that capability-based resources, especially dynamic capabilities, have a greater impact on competitive advantage of start-ups than other intangible and tangible assets. For the start-ups in our study, alliances with partners are particularly important, and so the ability to form alliances is a key capability. Successful start-ups leverage their available resources to attract alliance partners in order to access necessary complementary resources. The start-ups in our study clearly demonstrated the ability to attract partners locally but struggled to do so internationally, thereby limiting their growth potential.     

Internationalization through foreign listing: A review and future research agenda

This paper reviews and synthesizes literature on foreign listing from international business, management, and finance disciplines. A systematic review of 66 studies from 25 journals indicates fragmentation of the literature across the macro and firm-specific perspectives and a limited usage of current international business theories in research on foreign listing. We propose multiple developmental paths including use of institutional theory, especially institutional distance and institutional evolution to provide more comprehensive understanding of antecedents and contingent factors for foreign listing; supply-chain disaggregation of cross-border capital flow; integrate financial and strategic implications of foreign listing; and advancement of emerging market specific theories.